![]() We have many different themes to help you create a custom calendar that reflects your style. After deciding what month to start on, you can easily upload your photographs into the month-by-month templates. Shutterfly has the ability to create a personalized calendar to start on any month of the year. You can start your calendar in any month when you create a calendar you can choose between 8x11 or 12x12. Once you have the images ready to upload, placing them into Shutterfly's calendar templates is easier than ever. It's fun to brainstorm pictures for each month to make a 2023 calendar that you can look back on for years to come. You can utilize your wedding photos, travel photos, or just photos you’ve taken of your kids from each season and plan a calendar template that showcases your shining faces along with a theme each month of the year. When using our calendar maker, your options are endless. Gathering Images for Your Custom Calendar Then, upload photos into the calendar templates and customize them with embellishments and custom text. You can choose to start at the beginning of the year or select a custom range to reflect your needs. Next, select your date range for your 2023 calendar. Start by choosing a calendar format from personalized wall calendars, easel calendars, desk calendars, calendar mouse pads, calendar posters, or monthly planners. It's simple to create custom photo calendars. ![]() Opt for a calendar mouse pad or create custom calendar magnets to live alongside your children's refrigerator artwork. Display a favorite photo for each month on your calendars or choose a unique calendar gift with a twist. This year, instead of a framed photo, turn your images into a one-of-a-kind calendar from Shutterfly and feature your pictures as a monthly planner or calendar poster. Whether you are looking for the perfect gift this holiday season or birthday gift ideas, or simply looking for a way to showcase your favorite photos around your home, we've got you covered with custom calendars for 2023. Give the gift of time, and the added bonus of a personalized unique gift idea, with photo calendars. When it comes to thoughtful gift-giving, custom photo calendars are the perfect option. Our Photo Calendars and Photo Diaries also make great gifts! Why not treat the busiest person you know to a unique, personalised calendar to help them keep track of time?įor more personalised gift ideas, check out all our ranges.Create calendars with your favorite photos and memories with Shutterfly. Just like our calendars, personalised diaries can be customised with at least one photo for each week, and they come in a range of styles and sizes, perfect for any lifestyle. If you prefer to carry your schedule with you, choose from our range of personalised photo diaries. It is now easier than ever to create your calendar straight from your phone – perfect for uploading images directly from your camera roll! Make your own calendar that is custom printed to decorate your wall or desk in just a few simple steps. Choose from A4 or A3 size wall calendars, a slimline calendar that fits anywhere, or a desk calendar for the office – each calendar has a monthly view so you can see what’s going on every day! Whatever your style, you can personalise your calendar to suit you.Ĭreate your personalised photo calendar in a size that fits your space. ![]() Search through albums of cherished memories for that perfect cover photo and then rearrange your snaps to find the fit that is right for you. You can use our travel theme to bring out your holiday photos, or go for a bright and fun theme like fruits and veggies for your kitchen. All our calendars and diaries can be personalised with your favourite photos, themes, and your family’s birthdays and anniversaries to make your own year special or to create the perfect gift.Īs well as your favourite snaps, our photo calendars are customisable with background themes and designs including different patterns and colours. We’ve got a whole variety of sizes and designs to choose from, so you’re bound to find one that’s right for you (and right for your wall!). ![]()
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![]() ![]() Luckily, Zoom’s feature can help you navigate the world of virtual meetings better. And technical video conferencing problems are never the only reason! According to a survey by the University of North Carolina, 71% of meetings are unproductive. They can be daunting and run the risk of reducing engagement. Large meetings might not help increase team collaboration. Breakout Rooms imitate our ‘in-person’ version of having group discussions. What are Zoom Breakout Rooms? It is a way to break larger meetings into smaller meetings. ![]() But there’s one feature to your rescue - Zoom Breakout Rooms. However, virtual meetings can quickly become a downer. Maybe, you could even write an entire manual on how to get started with Zoom! After the unprecedented 2020, the video conferencing platform has seen massive growth. The silence online may feel longer than in the classroom, but as students gather their thoughts and then unmute, it is important to have a little extra patience.Chances are you know all about Zoom calls. A final tip: remember to give participants time to unmute themselves to join the discussion.These are settings that can be accessed and toggled on and off during the meeting. Note that you can turn on and off the ability for students to use several of these features in Zoom, such as screen sharing and renaming.Keep in mind that students who are unable to see these changes may need additional cues, including those joining by phone. Asking students to use the same virtual background as others in their group can have the same effect. You can allow students to rename themselves (or you can rename them), adding information such as their group membership to the text that appears under their name in Zoom and in the participant list. Having a written or visual reminder of group membership can help students quickly reference membership of peers in much the same way that physically moving students to different sides of a room might in a face-to-face environment. Cues for group membership: In some discussions you might want to assign students to groups that have specific tasks during an assignment, such as in role-playing activities.Also note that technology limitations or personal preferences may impact a student's ability to share video, so be flexible. Coach students to verbally describe the backgrounds for those who cannot see the images. For example, you could ask students to choose fun virtual backgrounds and explain why they chose them for beginning-of-the-semester icebreakers. Virtual backgrounds: Use the Zoom virtual background feature to solicit creative responses to questions.You can allow students to share their screens to show digital artifacts or evidence. Ask them to not only respond to a prompt verbally but also present evidence from course material to support their response. ![]() Screen sharing: Ask prompts that build on the fact that students are connected to the Internet and can access resources.Coach the students to verbally describe their annotations for the benefit of anyone who cannot see the video. Annotated images can be saved and later posted to the class for additional activities. These tools can be effective for brainstorming and gauging students' initial understanding of a concept. Collaborative drawing: Use the Zoom Whiteboard or allow students to use the Zoom Annotation tools to collectively draw on a shared screen.Student can also use non-verbal feedback tools to respond to their classmates (such as virtual clapping). You can use Zoom polls or ask students to provide non-verbal feedback (using icons like yes, no, hand-raising, etc.). Polling: Sometimes asking closed-ended questions and assessing general attitudes of the class can help prompt students to think more deeply about their responses.In addition, the meeting host can pre-assign students to breakout rooms prior to class. Instructors can move among the breakout rooms, can send messages to all students across all breakout rooms, and can control when students come back to the main room. This tool is comparable to asking students to initially chat with a smaller group of peers physically around them in the classroom and then report back to the whole class. Breakout Rooms: For small group, discussions try Zoom breakout rooms.There are several pedagogical practices-supported by various features of Zoom-that can help you facilitate discussion, including ways to encourage creativity in responses.Note: Your goals and the size of the class may influence how you define an effective and rich class discussion. ![]() ![]() The Web Shield plug-in works with the Avast Secure Browser, Microsoft Edge and Opera as well as Firefox and UC Browser which were added recently. Recent updates have sped it up so that you likely won’t notice any slowdown. Still, it provides a good assortment of defenses for absolutely nothing.Īll Avast Mobile Security apps include the company’s Web Shield URL protection that uses a site’s reputation to signal a threat. Unlike Lookout’s free version, Avast Mobile Security Free is ad sponsored and annoying. Avast Mobile Security review: Malware protectionĪvast Mobile Security Free compares favorably to competing products, with one exception. Its Photo Vault can hold 40 images but because of Apple’s restrictions, there’s no malware scanning. The company’s Security & Privacy app for iPhones and iPads includes Network Inspector, Web Shield and Identity Protection. Regardless of which version you get, Avast Mobile Security runs on Android version 5 or higher, but lacks WearOS watch or Chromebook support only Avast’s browser-based Web Shield works with Chromebooks. Its anti-theft provisions include the ability to locate a lost or stolen phone. It adds the ability to lock apps, a bottomless Photo Vault for storing encrypted images as well as scam protection that alerts you to dangerous texts, emails and messaging apps. The first step up is Avast’s Mobile Security Premium for $12, which is a bargain compared to the likes of Malwarebytes’ premium plan. 1 month plan - $0 per month ($0 total cost).It also has Hack Alerts to see if your email address or passwords have shown up online and the Malware Force Uninstaller can remove pesky unwanted apps.Īvast Mobile Security subscription options: In addition to malware scanning, Mobile Security Free adds luxuries like Avast’s Photo Vault but only holds 10 images. It starts with the free app that you pay for by watching ads. (*up to 10 images for free version unlimited for paid versions)Īvast Mobile Security comes in three flavors that suit different tastes and budgets. Scan system apps - Our scans now include system apps so we'll warn you if anything malicious was pre-installed on your phone - and tell you how to deactivate itįor more information on downloading Avast Antivirus to your phone, check out our guide: how to install APK files.VPN/Unlimited use: Yes with Ultimate versionĬompatibility: Android version/Chromebooks/WearOS Version 5+/N/Nįree version/Cost: Yes/Premium: $12 per year/Ultimate: $24.New My statistics section - See how we've been protecting you, from the total threats we've caught to the total apps and files we've scanned and more.Safer Wi-Fi connections - We can now detect even more Wi-Fi threats, like man-in-the-middle attacks, SSL stripping, HTTP injections, and other nasties.The application is light doesn’t have a large footprint.Lock apps, block incoming calls, and activate the firewall.Scan for malware, viruses, or just simple vulnerabilities in the OS.Secure your tablet or phone with just a single tap.The application also features many other functions, like cleaning up the junk files, inspecting the security of the available Wi-Fi connections, block all incoming calls, lock apps, or extend the battery life by closing unwanted applications that are running in the background. ![]() Also, if the system has been infected already, Avast Mobile Security for Android should be able to clean it without any kind of problem. Users will be able to scan their operating system and find vulnerabilities that can invite attacks in the future. Securing an Android device is not a difficult task, especially with an application such as this one. Mobile devices are exposed to security problems just like any other platform, so the Avast Mobile Security for Android solution comes to help users. ![]() ![]() ![]() Update to the latest version of Homebrew and try again. If during installation you see an error such as “Error: game-porting-toolkit: unknown or unsupported macOS version: :dunno”, your version of Homebrew doesn’t have macOS Sonoma support. It can take over 1 hour to complete depending on the speed of your Mac.īrew -v install apple/apple/game-porting-toolkit How long this takes will depend on the speed of your computer. This formula downloads and compiles several large software projects. Install the game-porting-toolkit formula. Your shell will now select the right installation of Brew, depending on your architecture. You may now restart your terminal and use the following command to return to an x86_64 shell: ![]() Scroll down (by using the arrow keys or Control + V) to the bottom of the file, and paste the following script:Įval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)" (Optional) If you want to have both ARM64 and x86 versions of Brew installed, begin by editing your. ![]() Optionally retain both ARM64 and x86 versions of Brew If this command does not print /usr/local/bin/brew, you should use this command: Make sure the brew command is on your path: (echo echo 'eval "$(/usr/local/bin/brew shellenv)"') > /Users/$USER/.zprofile Install the x86_64 version of Homebrew if you don't already have it. All subsequent commands should be run within this shell. Open Terminal (search in Spotlight on macOS).Įnter an x86_64 shell to continue the following steps in a Rosetta environment. You may follow the steps at the end of this section after installing Brew to achieve this. zshrc file to allow either version to be used depending on the active architecture. If you prefer to keep both ARM64 and x86 versions of brew installed, you may add a "brew-switcher" to your. Either use a Homebrew uninstall script or delete the folder /opt/homebrew/bin. Note: if you have ever installed Homebrew before, then it is advised to remove ARM64 Homebrew as this can interfere with this build process. opt/local/libexec/game-porting-toolkit/bin/wine64 Īnd gameportingtoolkit itself should be in path and if not its under Keep in mind instead of brew -prefix you will need to replace it with the wine from macports path, Next you install the porting toolkit itself and you should be good to move onto the Wine Prefix section in this guide, keep in mind it might fail the first time or two, but it might just need a retry if it still doesn't work after a couple tries please report issues to sudo port install game-porting-toolkit Sudo port install game-porting-toolkit-d3dmetal If you want install under Macports here is the guideĬheckout into the game-porting-toolkit branch (in the future you can skip this step when the branch is merged into main)įollow this guide to configure the local repository then syncįirst install game-porting-toolkit-d3dmetal, it will fail at first, follow the steps it gives you which tells you where to put the game porting toolkit dmg Search for Game Porting Toolkit and download it.If you have an old version Xcode installed, remove it.Search for Command Line Tools for Xcode 15 beta and download the dmg file, then install it.Visit Apple Developer Downloads site, these files are now free to download use for any logged in Apple account. ![]() macOS Ventura causes large numbers of issues with steamwebhelper.exe crashing so it isn't recommended, use the macOS Sonoma beta.You can download the pkg installer from Mr Macintosh blog. macOS Sonoma should be used, currently it is in beta.Toolkit install instructions Requirements 8.10 My game looks pixelated and the display resolution is limited.8.8 My game won’t run because it requires Mono.8.2 Steam crashes straight after opening.4 Epic and GOG.com support with the Heroic Games Launcher. ![]() ![]() ![]() The distance between the axis of Earth's umbral shadow and the center of the Moon's disk reaches a minimum. Geographic abbreviations (used above): n = north, s = south, e = east, w = west, c = central The Key to Lunar Eclipse Decade Table contains a more detailed description of each item in the table.įor more data on lunar eclipses during this period, seeĪmericas, n Europe, e Asia, Australia, PacificĮ Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia The equidistant cylindrical projection map below illustrates the geographpic region of visibility for each phase of the eclipse.Įach figure is stored as a PDF file of about 110 kilobytes.Īll eclipses belonging to a particular Saros Series are listed in a table linked through the Saros number. The top diagram shows the Moon's trajectory with respect to Earth's penumbral and umbral shadows. Two fields in the summary table provide links to graphics and additional information for each eclipse.Ī figure consisting of a diagram and map for each eclipse may be seen by clicking on the Calendar Date. ![]() The second value (in bold) is the duration the total phase.įinally, the Geographic Region of Eclipse Visibility provides a brief description of the regions where each eclipse will be seen. The first is the interval between the beginning and end of the partial phases. If the eclipse is total then two durations are listed. The Eclipse Duration gives the length of the partial eclipse. The Umbral Magnitude (column 5) gives the fraction of the Moon's diameter immersed in Earth's umbral shadow at the instant of greatest eclipse. The third column lists the Eclipse Type which is either Total, Partial, or Penumbral.Įclipses recur over the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 18 years 11 days.Įach eclipse belongs to the Saros Series shown in the 4th column. The second column TD of Greatest Eclipse is the Terrestrial Dynamical Time of greatest eclipse. The first column gives the Calendar Date of the instant of greatest eclipse. A concise summary of all lunar eclipses from ![]() ![]() Interestingly enough, monsoon here refers to the wind, not the rain. These seasonal changes can also be experienced along with our Bali travel packages. Experience Bali's tropical monsoon climate which has two distinct seasons, a dry season which goes on between May to September and wet season which goes on between October to April. It is located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with Java to the west and Lombok to the east. This Indonesian island is a favourite tourist destination and is popularly known for its natural attractions, perfect climate and relaxed atmosphere. The geographical location of Bali, blesses it with a perfect climate for your honeymoon which can be experienced along with our Bali holiday packages for couples available online. Your choice stands as our priority, may it be for adventure or for leisure, for some special reason like honeymoon or just a short escape travel, for a desire to travel alone or with family and all of it is made possible with Veena World!īali tour packages from India take you to a whole new destination of completely different experiences. A heart-warming symphony awaits to give you all that with a perfect Bali honeymoon packages which can be selected from our specially crafted itinerary options. The true feels of these islands lift up the spirit of love between you and your partner. The picturesque island is a favourite destination for honeymooners! If you’re looking for a perfect getaway with your better half to begin your new journey, then our Bali honeymoon packages from India await to surprise you. Shimmering beaches, turquoise waters and scenic landscapes make the islands a perfect reason to hunt for Bali tour packages! Here at Veena World, we offer the amalgamation of the islands’ unique experiences into carefully crafted Bali holiday packages. Enchanted with beautiful arrays of shades, spreading across the variant natural bounty, Bali is an island leisure vacation every traveller dreams along with our Bali tour packages! Escape time and the fast paced life to the island of perfect dreamy holidays! These dreamy islands are blessed with a heavenly climate that soothes the body completely and can be experienced along with our Bali holiday packages. While hunting for the best Bali honeymoon packages from India, the urge of adventure easily seeps into the heart. ![]() ![]() Travelling with any of our Bali holiday packages from India available online, literally draws your attention away from the fast paced life which seems like a rat race sometimes, only to relax, breathe and realise the true nature of life amidst Mother Earth’s embrace. Bali is not only about the spellbinding nature and adventurous land, but also about the essentially intriguing lifestyle, which shows contentment and fulfilment of life. The shades of dusks and dawns of this land are remarkably like a painting. With beautiful mornings and picturesque nights, this land is truly an untapped surprise. The clean turquoise water and the breath-taking marine life makes it one of the best destinations for leisure which can be explored along with our Bali vacation tours. We use our passionate unrivalled knowledge to gift you a perfect island vacation! Be a part of an unforgettable travel story with us and relish our legacy to travel, explore and celebrate life. A heart-warming symphony awaits to give you true love goals with perfect Bali honeymoon packages which can be selected from our specially crafted itinerary options. Here at Veena World, we offer the amalgamation of the islands’ unique experiences into carefully crafted Bali holiday packages. Shimmering beaches, turquoise waters and scenic landscapes make the islands a perfect reason to hunt for Bali tour packages!
![]() ![]() Step 2: Calculate how much fabric the Chic Clothing Factory used in a day. Step 1: Calculate how much fabric the Diva Clothing Factory used in a day. How much fabric did the two factories use altogether in one day? It used the same amount of fabric each day. The Chic Clothing Factory used 166.8 yards of fabric in 3 days. Slow down The solution to the equation log2x + log2(x – 6) = 4 is x = Which shows a correct order to solve this story problem? The Diva Clothing Factory used 149.4 yards of fabric in 3 days. PLEASE HELP!!!! When traveling from a solid to air what would you expect a sound wave to do A. In summary, we can say that the organisms present in all members of the animal kingdom and that will make Gary know if the organism he is observing belongs to the animal kingdom are: the organism is multicellular, has tissue organization and does not have a cell wall. They have the ability to move around and most of them do sexual reproduction. The beings that belong to the animal kingdom are eukaryotes and multicellular. This is one of the main characteristics of the group and what differentiates them from other living beings, such as vegetables. The Animal Kingdom, Animalia or Metazoa is composed of heterotrophic organisms, that is, those that do not produce their own food, in addition the cells do not have a cell wall. The organism is multicellular, has tissue organization, and has no cell wall ![]() The organism is multicellular, has tissue organization, and has no cell wall "ĭ. The organism has a nucleus and a cell wall, and reproduces sexually. The organism has a nucleus, develops from embryos, and performs photosynthesis. The organism is multicellular, lacks tissue organization, and consumes other organisms. Which of the following characteristics would indicate that the organism belongs in the kingdom Animalia? A. Therefore, Energy is conveyed in sound waves by the vibrating of air molecules or the particles of the substance that the sound is traveling through. It can also be thought of as the propagation of vibrations through material. The energy comes from an outside source, such as singing, drumming, etc. It instructs the brain to decode the sound that is coming in (s). The actual waves of vibration that move through the air to reach the ears are known as sound energy. Speakers and microphones are two examples of how sound can be converted into electrical energy. Although it has been done, the science of converting sound energy into electricity is still in its infancy. Sound is converted into electricity through sound energy. What energy being transferred by sound waves? Electrical energy is transformed into light and sound by a lamp and a boombox, respectively. ![]() A gadget that transforms electrical energy into heat energy is a toaster. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Spread the frosting on the cupcake base and top the cupcakes with the leftover crushed Tim Tams. The Tim Tam is also an excellent accompaniment for cakes, either as part of the filling or as a decoration in place of icing. Add in sugar and mix together to create a frosting consistency. Tim Tam are more than just a regular treat for your sweet tooth. In a mixing bowl beat the cream cheese and butter until it becomes creamy, and add in the melted white chocolate. To make the frosting, place the white chocolate into a heatproof bowl that sits over a saucepan with water. Take the cupcakes out and cool for at least thirty minutes. Bake for about 15-20 minutes or until an inserted toothpick comes out clean. Pour the salted caramel over the top and use a skewer or chopstick to gently swirl through the cheesecake. Add in the double cream and beating until smooth and creamy. Add in half of the crushed Tim Tams and stir through the batter. Tim Tams are chopped and crushed, made into the base, folded through the cheesecake layer and lovingly scattered on top of the cheesecake surface. Thursday, ApTim Tam Cake Hiya After all the pretty Easter treats I shared with you last week, Im now giving you a lumpy brown cake. Place the cream cheese and icing sugar in a large mixing bowl and beat until smooth. Rather, you set this rocky road in a cake tin so that it comes our in a big circle and can be cut into wedges. Dont be fooled by the name of this recipe theres no baking or ovens required. Bit by bit add the flour mixture into the large mixing bowl and mix until everything is smooth. Rocky Road Cake Tim Tams make an ideal inclusion in any rocky road as they are creamy yet add plenty of crunch. Add in the eggs, one at a time, and then the vanilla, into the butter and sugar. In a large mixing bowl mix the butter and sugar until they become creamy. In a small bowl, combine flour, baking powder and salt. These were a hit and I will definitely be making them again!įirst, crush the pack of Tim Tams in a food processor or by hand and set aside. Tim Tam Cupcakes! I couldn’t think of a better cake to make for a friend’s birthday in Australia, so I worked off of this original cupcake recipe and made some slight modifications (see my directions and ingredients that follow). ![]() ![]() ![]() These characteristics make them useful for attack-focused strategies. Mounted Troops – these are essentially tougher versions of ground troops considering that they have very high damage and HP.Compared to ground troops, they have low defense and HP stats but they have a higher attack stat. Ranged Troops – these are soldiers who fight enemies from a distance.Because of this, they generally have a higher defense and HP stats. Ground Troops – these are soldiers who fight enemies face-to-face.In Evony, there are three types of soldiers that make up your entire army and these are: Primarily, we will be discussing the ordinary troops as well as the generals that strengthen them for battle. In this guide, we’ll explain all of the things that you need to know about nurturing your army in Evony: The King’s Return. With that said, it is paramount to invest plenty of resources in ensuring that your empire’s army is formidable enough to fight hostile groups, occupy new territory, as well as attack other empires. The soldiers are responsible for manifesting the power of the empire through military operations within and beyond the territories. If k30 is your first priority, you should focus on monster hunting rather than PvP.A strong army is a crucial part of an empire. The next step is to always max out your cavalry attack. Research should always be maxed out with speed increase as the top priority (construction and research). Reference: Red Equipment Comparison (Dragon, Ares, Achaemenidae, Plantagenet) (King’s rings need to be crafted as an exception, due to the double drop rate increase.)ĭo not refine equipment until you are able to make Ares equipment. (The King’s Ring is an exception to this rule. In particular, it is not recommended to make a lot of king equipment. ![]() Always max out your construction and research speed.ĭon’t craft equipment until you are able to craft dragon equipment (materials are valuable). I don’t know what your base is, but if it’s in a castle, your first priority is the academy. If you get better generals later on, you can make them duty officers. – How to get Resources Efficiently (Items, Gathering, Production)įor now, you can train Edward and Theodora. Save most of your resources until the resource consuming return event starts, start building at the resource consuming event, and complete it at the speed consuming event. Research : Military > Adv Conscription Lv1Īll you need for building are resources and speed up, so the basic idea is to hunt a lot of bosses and make good use of the consuming return events. Note that construction speed can be checked in the “Administration” section of the monarch’s detail screen. The following construction times and speeds are examples, most of which are based on my own play. Note: “Construction Time” depends on the “ConstructionSpeed”. Upgrade requirements (resources, etc.) & what will be Unlocked In order to increase the level of the keep, it is necessary to increase the level of Walls and other facilities. In addition, various things in addition to the keep will be unlocked. Increased production speed of resources in your city.Increase in the amount of gold per levy.Increase in the maximum number of generals you can hold.Increasing the level of your keep has the following benefits Interact with heroines to obtain rewards and buffs/debuffs (Champion).The number displayed in the city on the map is the level of the keep.īecause of the name “Keep,” it is represented as k25, k40, etc. Keep is the starting point for construction, the first facility that must be upgraded when upgrading each facility in your city. Upgrade requirements (resources, etc.) & what will be Unlocked. ![]() ![]() In the event of overstretched or torn ligaments, this may increase joint movement and subsequently increase ROM. Oftentimes when a ligament is sprained or torn, this compromises the stability of the joint because ligaments act as reinforcement structures. Sustaining a musculoskeletal injury can result in decreased or even increased range of motion depending on the type of injury. Osteoarthritis can cause limited range of motion due to both painful movement and structural changes (such as osteophytes) that create bony blocks within a joint's typical plane of movement. Osteoarthritis is characterized by age related changes of joint surfaces and decreased lubrication causing the bones of a joint to rub against each other and break down, often forming other bony structures called osteophytes. These changes can result in an inability to move parts of the body in various directions. Neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy, cerebral vascular accidents (commonly called a stroke), brain injuries, and multiple sclerosis can alter muscle tone, strength, and spasticity. Scoliosis, a condition in which the spine curves away from midline, alters the other joint positions since the spine and pelvis are the foundation of the body. While there is a general way that our bodies are structured from an anatomical perspective, genetics and medical conditions create variations. Just something to keep in mind during everyday exercise and the rehab process. Variations in ROM due to body structure and composition are not necessarily a bad thing at all. Bone structure variations impact the ability of a joint to roll, glide, and slide as it was designed to, which can also impact available range. A joint may not be able to move through as much range if there is increased muscle bulk or adipose tissue causing tissue approximation (that’s when the joint can’t move any more because the surrounding tissue stops it). Someone with laxity in their ligaments might have increased ROM or joint hypermobility. ![]() However, these differences can impact available ROM for each person. ![]() Humans are unique individuals, so each of us has a different body structure and composition - which is totally expected and also pretty cool. A physical therapist is trained to perform ROM testing to determine if tight muscles are limiting your range in any given area.īody structure and composition refers to the components of your body such as bones, muscles, ligaments, adipose tissue, among others. Muscles work within a carefully balanced system between being strong and flexible. Say your latissimus dorsi muscles (back muscles commonly referred to as “the lats”) are too tight, this can limit how much you can raise your arms in front of you into shoulder flexion. Muscle tightness doesn’t just impact the neck and back, but every part of the body. On the contrary, when a muscle is flexible, it is able to achieve the lengths needed for maximal range of motion. When a muscle is tight and stiff, it is typically in a shortened position and limits mobility. Have you ever noticed your neck feels stiff and doesn’t move as much when you look over one side or the other? One common cause of neck stiffness is decreased muscle flexibility! How tight or flexible a muscle is directly impacts how much a given joint is able to move. When one joint becomes stiff and loses mobility, this makes it more difficult to not only do the things you love, but to perform regular activities with ease and comfort. Simply being able to go for a walk or climbing stairs requires you to have adequate ROM at your ankles, knees, and hips. ![]() ![]() In order to perform your day to day activities with ease, your joints need to be free to move without restriction. With OneStep you can measure ROM on your own using only your smartphone, by performing a few quick exercises. ROM limitations can also be observed by performing functional tasks such as climbing stairs, squatting, raising your arms to reach overhead, and reaching behind your back. This tool is used to measure the exact degree of joint mobility, allowing therapists to determine if there is a loss of movement. Physical therapists typically measure ROM with a tool we call a goniometer. Image demonstrating elbow flexion and extension. ![]() |